What Is the Queue Hairstyle in China

For several hundred years, between the 1600s and the early 20th century, men in China wore their hair in what is called a queue. In this hairstyle, the front and sides are shaved, and the rest of the hair is gathered up and plaited into a long braid that hangs down the back. In the western world, the image of men with queues is practically synonymous with the idea of imperial China - so it may surprise you to learn that this hairstyle did not actually originate in China. Where the Queue Come From The queue was originally a Jurchen or Manchu hairstyle, from what is now the northeastern section of China. In 1644, an ethnically-Manchu army defeated the Han Chinese  Ming and conquered China. This came after the Manchus were hired to fight for the Ming in widespread civil unrest during that period. The Manchus seized Beijing and established a new ruling family on the throne, calling themselves the  Qing Dynasty. This would turn out to be Chinas final imperial dynasty, lasting until 1911 or 1912.   The first Manchu emperor of China, whose original name was Fulin and whose throne name was Shunzi, ordered all Han Chinese men to adopt the queue as a sign of submission to the new regime. The only exceptions allowed to the Tonsure Order were for Buddhist monks, who shaved their entire heads, and Taoist priests, who did not have to shave. Chunzis queue order sparked wide-spread resistance across China. Han Chinese cited both the Ming Dynastys System of Rites and Music and the teachings of Confucius, who wrote that people inherited their hair from their ancestors and ought not to damage (cut) it. Traditionally, adult Han men and women let their hair grow indefinitely and then bound it up in different styles. The Manchus cut short much of the discussion on queue-shaving by instituting a Lose your hair or lose your head policy; refusal to shave ones hair into a queue was treason against the emperor, punishable by death. To maintain their queues, men had to shave the remainder of their heads approximately every ten days. Did women have queues? It is interesting that the Manchus did not issue any equivalent rules about womens hairstyles. They also did not interfere with the Han Chinese custom of foot-binding, although Manchu women never adopted the crippling practice themselves, either. The Queue in America Most Han Chinese men acquiesced to the queue rule, rather than risking decapitation. Even Chinese working overseas, in places like the American west, maintained their queues - after all, they planned to return home once they had made their fortunes in the gold mines or on the railroad, so they needed to keep their hair long. Western peoples stereotypes of Chinese always included this hairstyle, although few Americans or Europeans likely realized that the men wore their hair that way out of necessity, not by  choice. In China, the issue never entirely went away, although most men found it prudent to follow the rule. In the early 20th century anti-Qing rebels (including a young Mao Zedong) cut off their queues in a potent act of defiance. The final death-knell of the queue came in 1922, when the former Last Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Puyi, cut off his own queue. Pronunciation: kyewAlso Known As: pigtail, braid, plaitAlternate Spellings: cueExamples: Some sources say that the queue symbolized that Han Chinese were a form of livestock for the Manchu, like horses. However, this hairstyle was originally a Manchu fashion, so that explanation seems unlikely.

Muslim Women Vs. Medi Who Is The Real Terrorist - 2362 Words

Mohammed Miah Professor Dowd ENWR 105/E4-3 9 December 2014 Muslim Women vs. the Media: Who is the Real Terrorist? Are Muslim women across the world victims of the religion that they follow or are they serious victims of the media? For years, people have misconceived how women of the Islamic faith live their lives, and those who are victimized cannot even get the opportunity to speak their minds about their own lives to justify how the media has been portraying them. Society today has varying views on the subject, with some disagreeing with the media, while others are in complete support of the media; they truly believe that Muslim women are indeed victims. However, the media has only desecrated the truth of the lives of Muslim women by†¦show more content†¦When she stated, â€Å"They did not always have an opportunity to speak for themselves,† she was referring to the Muslim women in Islam dominated countries with people seeing them as victims of a patriarchal society where they cannot voice their opinions without having to s uffer from a punishment. Also, because the images within the media showed women wearing burqas, which are also worn by Muslim women in America, people in the West see them as victims who are just crying out for help. It is not the social norm to wear a veil in the West because people believe in liberation when it comes to clothing, even if certain clothes may be terrifyingly revealing. They are unaware of the Islamic beliefs and that in countries, such as Afghanistan, the women accept the veil because it is part of their religion. Muslims follow rules and regulations that were divinely written within the Quran, and the burqa, which is considered to be a hijab (a veil/covering), is outlined within the Quran as follows: And tell the believing women to reduce [some] of their vision and guard their private parts and not expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears thereof and to wrap [a portion of] their headcovers over their chests and not expose their adornm ent except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands fathers, their sons, their husbands sons, their

Starting From Scratch Or Buying An Existing Business Free Essays

Starting From Scratch Or Buying An Existing Business If you’re about to have a business, you’ll think about how to get it, by staring a new one or buying an existing one. Anna Bryant bought an existing salon when she had the chance instead of starting her own. The reasons for that are because she had no business experience or skills but she believes that she have the capabilities to run this salon, also she’s an entrepreneur for the first time and this will save her the time of the stating period plus the effort of building the business name and make it stand in ground, it also have customers and taff and already been running for years so she can start making sales from the first day. We will write a custom essay sample on Starting From Scratch Or Buying An Existing Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before buying the business there are some steps to be taken, studies, plans and more, like knowing the first owner decided to sell the business and if there are major problems within the business and figuring out how to solve them. Appraising the business is a must too because she wouldn’t want to pay more for the business. She should get help and ask experts about all the details as she also need to sit plans about how she’ll run the business and about the changes needed to be made and ake expectations to be reached. Also evaluating the risks and see how to avoid them. After finding the reasons and applying the required steps before buying, Anna Bryant is now able to make her decision. Successful Entrepreneur Effectiveness A Successful entrepreneur have special characteristics, passion, willingness to take risks, Positive attitude, Confidence, respect, and trust are all needed in the entrepreneur character. Commitment, leading skills, team building and flexibility also makes a good entrepreneur. knowledge in markets and how to run businesses and ow to communicate with others, all these characteristics build a Successful entrepreneur. Having no previous experience as an entrepreneur doesn’t mean that the business won’t be successful. Anna’s first business succeeded because she had a lot of a successful entrepreneur characteristics, the first was her love to the business and her passion about fashion. Courage, Wisdom, and excitement all were in her heart, and the desire to take the business to the next level all made her a great entrepreneur. Anna didn’t have an experience but she was determined to gain it by consulting and getting help from others. She sat goals and put plans, she had a vision and this is one of the entrepreneur characteristics. ne of the challenges that face any business is financial management, high expenses, low sales and insignificant protlts, these problems and more which were facing Anna’s business can be solved by using analysis techniques and take the right action based on the analysis process. Anna was able to improve the business finance by hiring a pro fessional team and using their help, also by working on herself and gaining knowledge about the business market and learning some marketing techniques,. By studying the businesses’ hances, opportunities, strengths and weaknesses she was able to manage it Just right. After that she started to make changes in the business and make it more effective and attractive, by offering new services and new fashionable designs that are desirable which brought her new customers, Anna didn’t wait until she make the salon exactly as she wants, she stared to work and make profits right away plus working in making the needed improvements, taking an advantage of all the available opportunities of the existing business made in easier for her to manage all the financial matters and this made her a great entrepreneur. My references Nitish. (2011). Main Reasons to Buy an Existing Business. Available: http:// accessed 29th April 2013. From E-library Slavec, Alenka-Prodan, Igor. (2012). The influence of entrepreneur’s characteristics on small manufacturing firm debt financing. East European Management Studies. 17 (2), 22-23-24. The Advantages Of Franchising Owning and running a franchise instead of starting a business is an action taken by a lot of business people, John is one of them. Franchising have advantages which makes it a better option, as for John, a franchise have a lot benefits to offer like having big known brand to stand by you and support you for different aspects like the product knowledge, training development and sales. It was way easier that staring his own business. A franchise makes profits quickly, and it have a proven business format and it’s supported by the Franchisors. It have lower risks and worries and a help is available when needed from the Franchisors who have powerful motivation. From my point of view franchising have five main advantages, Branding, it offers a strategic identity which impact on the market, big businesses spend millions on their branding and ranchisee gets the advantage of that, and the Franchisors are mostly well known for customers. Advertising, advertising takes a lot of the business expenses and a business can’t survive without expensive and effective advertising. Name Recognition, which makes people guarantee the quality of the products and a known name gives them that. Reputation, which enable the Franchisee to enjoy protectiveness against lawsuits or accidents or any issues with the employees. Support, running a business needs training, and by have a Franchise you’ll get all the train you need, they want you to be successtul because your success is ll possible ways. A Successful Franchise Business their success so they’ll support you in Acquiring a franchise is a successful business to run, as it’s cleared by the advantages of franchising. t have the benefit of having an access to the franchiser established system which have been running for a long time, franchisers spend a lot of time to modifying their system to the best it can be and hand it over to the franchisees, the system includes information about the products or services and all the details of the market methods, plus they make research to determine the best ocation for the franchise and some of them also manage the building and the renting matters which leave less w orries for the franchisees. Another thing is, franchisees are not alone, the are supported by the franchisers who really want them to success, they train them to operate the business effectively , this is a very important reason why franchising can be a successful business. Moreover, franchisees’ customers have a full awareness of the business and its products so they can trust without even trying it, means that loyal customer exists with any effort. John made it in his business and he became very successful because he had the experience of running a franchise before, he picked a good company with sound model to franchise and he started with full energy and high confidence. He received different trainings in different parts of the company, and used what he have learnt effectively and ran the business properly, he succeeded perfectly and became one of the best too. Here are a study which clears the success of franchising: franchises success rate is 90% comparing to only 15% of business staring from scratch, meaning hat a franchisees will surely succeed as long as they follow the franchisors the instructions and use the support system effectively. My references: Don Daszkowski. Higher Likelihood of Success with a Franchise Business . Available: http://franchises. about. com/od/buyingafranchise/a/franchise-success. htm. Last accessed 1st may 2013. From the E-library: Abell-Mark1. (2010). The franchising advantage. Managing Intellectual Property. 9 (1-2), 16-17-18. GOING FOR A BUISNESS Starting a business is never easy whether it was a franchising, entrepreneurial enture or an independent small business. If I’m about to start my own business I wouldn’t go for franchising, not because it won’t be successful or because it’s hard, it’s Just that I’d rather to come up with new idea and add something to the world rather that applying the idea of someone else, franchising may be profitable and better option tor those who are seeking tor cash and high incomes but I’m one ot those who cares more about changing the world and putting my fingerprint on it. Becoming an entrepreneur of an existing business is a good idea which will save a lot f preparing time in the starting period, still the existing business may not apply my own perspectives which means I’ll have to do a lot of changes and this may cost me more that what I’ll may pay if I started it myself, That’s why my best option is to start from the ground. My new small business is about handmade stuff trade, not going to say it’s growing fast but I follow the saying: think big and start small. My band is LA FEMME TOM and it’s a one-person business so far, it’s growing slowly but it’s giving me all I need at the moment, plus it’s helping me to spread the awareness of the mportance and the value of the handmade stuff which is one of the business aims, it is about selling my handmade stuff, giving courses on how to make them and supporting those who have a talent in this field. I sell my stuff online and in some places, I don’t have my own shop yet but soon I’ll do as it’s planed for. The business approach is to grow and have many branches, it’s in a progress development and aiming to have partners and hire working hands to take the production to the next level. Basically the business activities are about girls hobbies to fell the spear time with useful and beneficial things. How to cite Starting From Scratch Or Buying An Existing Business, Papers

Civil Law of Stigma Discrimination and Prejudice †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Stigma Discrimination and Prejudice. Answer: Corrigan, (2016) explains that discrimination refers to unjust or unfair treatment towards a person on a thing or some status based on social factors such as race, gender and health condition among other factors. Prejudice on the other hand refers an opinion that is held by people that is not actually based on actual evidence or experience. Prejudice mainly results from preconceived myths, misconceptions and stereotypes. Stigma is commonly known to be disgrace that is expressed to people due to unfair circumstances affecting them. This paper explores stigma, discrimination and prejudice towards people with mental health conditions. Some of the major prejudicial attitudes and discrimination towards people with mental health issues fear and avoidance, incompetency and benevolence. In a bid to examine fear and an avoidance attitude, it is clear that people with mental health conditions are sometimes engaged in dangerous activities. Many communities thus tend to associate people with mental health issues with some of these dangerous involvements. Associating these people with dangerous activities then makes many people avoid interacting and associating with such people with mental health conditions. According to Parcesepe and Cabassa, (2013) incompetency is another major perspective that is held by many people towards people with mental health issues. This incompetency ranges from inability to make sound decisions and judgments, in various aspects of life such as budgeting for their finances and also doing personal duties. People with this prejudice tend to form an authoritarian attitude to those people claiming that they cant manage their lives. This makes these people to treat people with mental health issues with suspicion who in turn lead to limitation of their freedom and rights. Boyd, Otilingam, and DeForge, (2014) benevolence refers to the prejudice of making people with mental health illnesses as children who require care and attention. This is linked with a belief of very little or no hope of recovery in the patient. This in turn yields sympathy to people with such illnesses and a general belief of the incapability that one is really exposed to. People with this prejudice towards mental health patients tend to treat them with a lot of suspicion, excessive pity and a feeling that they are burdened to lead these patients and cater for everything in their entire lives. Causes of stigma There are several causes of stigma both from the individual and from the society an individual patient comes from. In other words, a patient may have low self esteem due to the various prejudices that are associated with mental health conditions. esteem issues in an individual and lack of self acceptance may cause someone to struggle with esteem and cause stigma where an individual excludes themselves from others and often encloses themselves due to fear of associating with others and being treated as mad or raise benevolent concerns among the people (Gela and Corrigan, 2014). Various religions such as Christianity and Islam have more than often associated sicknesses and suffering as a consequence of sin and failure to heed to the religion decrees and practices. As a matter of fact, mental health is seen as a curse and more closely, Christians usually elude mental health illnesses with the possession of demons. This plays a vital role in the creation of stigma towards people with the mental health. Carter, Shimkets and Bornemann, (2014) in some traditional communities, mental health illnesses have also had various stereotypes and prejudices regarding mental health illnesses. Some of the major stereotypes in the traditional setup include deficiencies. People with mental health illnesses are seen as incomplete and lacking in socialization skills, societal values and traditions. Traditionalists have also seen mental health patients as to be possessed with evil spirits. There are also several prejudices that associate the illnesses with sin. These have argued that mental health illnesses are a punishment from the gods due to misconduct towards the community. Lack of moral and ethical standards are also characterized as some of the major causes of these prejudicial beliefs that cause stigma to mental health patients. Pescosolido, (2013) has argued that Illiteracy and lack of sufficient education is also a major cause of stigma where individuals have little or no knowledge about the mental health conditions. Many individuals are ignorant about attending to learn and research on mental health conditions and tend to perpetuate and spread ideas related to prejudice and stereotype. As a matter of fact, some people fail to recognize mental health illness as related to health and still relate it to cultural concerns and base explanations of cause and effect that is caused by evil spirits. There are also people who actually understand health concerns of the illness but still tend to stereotype and provide base arguments to feed their assertions. Consequences of stigma Rogers and Pilgrim, (2014) explains that there are several consequences of stigma resulting both from self and public stigma. These consequences can be classified into physical, psychological and social consequences. Stigma is such a bad vice that causes people to feel hurt hated and it also forms other negative effects. In a bid to focus on the psychological effects of stigma, one may begin by saying that stigma causes fear in individuals where individuals fail to turn up to the general public and health centers to seek help fearing that they might be misunderstood and mistreated once people notice that they are suffering from mental health issues. Hatred is another psychological consequence of stigma on people with mental health illnesses. In major countries in the middle east and Asia, mental health illnesses is treated with a lot of suspicion and family members often fear disclosing their mental health conditions to the general public. In contrast, family members may tend to outcast the patient and disown him or her. The family members try to prevent associating with the patient. Lack of association with the patient may make the patient to develop withdrawal symptoms that makes the individual to become truant, withdrawn and the patient may even resolve to suicide as they dread hatred and being disowned by their family members. Koenig, and Eagly, (2014) the biggest social effect of stigma is discrimination. Discrimination may occur in major aspects of life that the person is involved with. A person may be denied access to services that he or she may qualify for such as jobs, leadership, judicial processes and social concerns. This comes about with the labeling that the people who have mental health illnesses are of unsound mind. This makes them to be seen as though incapacitated and lacking a level of intelligence that is necessary to live normally. Physical impacts of stigma may impact in the face of challenges that result from the consequences of psychological and social effects of stigma. These may take form of other illnesses that may develop due to lack of help and support to people with the illness. Individuals living on medication and suffering from mental illness may fail to take medication as required by the health officers and end up developing other conditions. Serious economic impacts can also result from stigma on mental health where it is costly to heal the society of neglected care, support and timely attention to people with mental health illnesses. Boyd, J. E., Adler, Otilingam and Peters, (2014) holds that a major economic concern is dependency which may stem up when a person finally becomes incapacitated or is exempted from family roles. The rest of his family members become dependent on the society and other organs for survival. This raises dependence levels weakening a countrys economy. Effects of stigma impact on the patients recovery According to Mestdagh and Hansen, (2014) effects of stigma cause consequences that impact to the patients recovery process. This manifests itself in the sense that patients as a consequence of stigma may develop worse conditions than the mental health due to lack of exposure and timely help. Patients who try to commit suicide may develop amnesia and other health and social conditions such as stress, trauma and depression. This requires the act of counselors in the healing process to intervene in order to help the patients to develop feelings self worth, self respect and appreciation of self. In the recovery of a mental health patient, stigma may also slow the process since stigma develops even in the healing process. This continued stigma may cause more stress and depression on the person which makes the person develop various other psychological disorders that slow the healing process in the individual. People may fail to really appreciate and recognize that one is healing or improving from the condition and continue stereotyping the individual which causes negative feelings towards the patient and their family. Health practitioners may also have a hard time dealing with a patient whose condition has worsened because of keeping silent about their conditions. Health officers may tend to complain to the patient and fail to show required love and concern to the patient. This makes the patients to develop negative feelings towards health workers and may often result to them developing even more serious conditions (Corrigan, 2015, November). In conclusion, stigma and prejudice are classified as the main challenge affecting the people living with mental health conditions. It is therefore necessary that people should make lots of efforts in order to eliminate prejudice in the society in order to help people with mental health illness to get the relevant attention to heal and enjoy lives. References Boyd, J. E., Adler, E. P., Otilingam, P. G., Peters, T. (2014). Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: a multinational review.Comprehensive psychiatry,55(1), 221-231. Boyd, J. E., Otilingam, P. G., DeForge, B. R. (2014). Brief version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: Psychometric properties and relationship to depression, self esteem, recovery orientation, empowerment, and perceived devaluation and discrimination.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal,37(1), 17. Carter, R., Shimkets, R. P., Bornemann, T. H. (2014). Creating and Changing Public Policy to Reduce the Stigma of Mental Illness.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,15(2), 35-36. Corrigan, P. (2015, November). Impact of Disclosure on Erasing the Stigma of Mental Illness. In2015 APHA Annual Meeting Expo (Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 2015). APHA. Corrigan, P. W. (2016). Lessons learned from unintended consequences about erasing the stigma of mental illness.World Psychiatry,15(1), 67-73. Gela, N. R., Corrigan, P. W. (2014). The stigma of families with mental illness.Family problems: Stress, risk, and resilience, 33. Koenig, A. M., Eagly, A. H. (2014). Extending role congruity theory of prejudice to men and women with sex-typed mental illnesses.Basic and Applied Social Psychology,36(1), 70-82.

Truss Bridge Report free essay sample

Objective The objective of the project is to build a truss that would be able to take a specific amount of downward force remarkably with respect to the weight of the truss itself, i. e. to construct a truss that would hold a relatively high efficiency score. And construct the bridge in such a way to as to keep the deflection of the structure at minimal. Introduction First of all, what is a truss? In an engineering view, a truss is a structure that is made up of series of triangular unit made of straight members that are connected at junctions known as nodes. External forces created by bodies known as loads, are often placed on areas of the structures which then creates internal forces in the members in form of either a Tensile Force or a Compressive Force. The practical analysis was carried out to help better our understanding on the theories behind the behaviour of a truss under different circumstances. We will write a custom essay sample on Truss Bridge Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Analysis A Pratt truss illustrating the arrangement of the bars By calculation The length of the horizontal member is 99. 4m The height of the bridge is 20m. And the diagonal members are all 23. m The distance between the two sides (floor Beam) was 16m. Materials Today, bridges can be of the span, arch, or suspension type. Materials used throughout history include wood, masonry, cast iron, wrought iron, concrete, steel, reinforced concrete, alloy and silicon steel, pre-stressed concrete, carbon fibre, and aluminium. But since the experiment was to be performed in a small scale, Popsicle sticks where chosen to do the job. Then a non-toxic adhesive was chosen to be used to join the members at the node. A clamp of some sort is a good idea when constructing. Clamps are important because most of the popsicle stick arent flat, so if you dont clamp them when you glue them together your bridge probably wont hold together very well. Procedure The bridge truss was constructed using about 140 sticks, give or take a few. We began the construction by creating the smaller pieces that would be easier to glue together, clamped the pieces together, and then left them dry for over a period of 7 days, which made them strong enough to be used. We started with each side of the bridge, in order to keep them symmetrical, then flipped each side and added more members to strengthen the sides. We then erected the constructed sides and added angled supports across the horizontal member at the bottom, and then added some centre support to hold the structure firmly and give it its shape. We then added some horizontal members to connect the sides together and minimize the deflection of the structure. And we levelled the structure with a horizontal surface after gluing any major part to give it a stable composition. Then after the assembly process was complete. We then gave the bridge structure as a whole, time do dry so the glue would dry and give the joined members and nodes time to dry. Then it was on to the testing Testing For the testing procedure, the bridge was placed between two horizontal surfaces at a height that was enough to place weights to the lower horizontal members. And then weights were added simultaneously to the center of the lower horizontal members on both sides so as to balance the weight distribution across the bridge and keep it at equilibrium throughout the test. Then weights in newton were added continuously to the members until the structure began to show signs of major deformation that could destroy the bridge structur. Then the maximum weight it could take was noted down by the supervisor in charge of the testing procedure so that the grades would be allotted accordingly. Discussion As mentioned earlier a truss is a structure that is made up of one or more triangles connected at joints referred to as nodes. For the experiment we chose to use a type of truss known as a Pratt Truss. We chose this type of truss because of its history. It has been in use since the practice of using of wood for the construction of bridges was brought into play, and still when wood gave way to iron, and remained when iron gave way to steel. The vertical members in this type of truss are under compression, while the horizontal members respond to tension. It is unique because the long diagonal bars are only in tension for gravity load effect, which allows the members to be used more efficiently, so that slenderness effects related to buckling due to compression loads will not control the design. The prat truss which was patented in 1844 was patented by Caleb Pratt and his son Thomas Willis Pratt. Conclusion To sum it all up, according to the analysis of the truss, the theory was confirmed that the Pratt truss is one of the best trusses for withstanding vertical loadings, because of the geometry of the members.

Free Essays on Workplace Privacy

Workplace Privacy Privacy is something everyone should have the right to. In fact, the First and Fourth Amendment protects this right. As defined by The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, privacy is the quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or view of others. A major issue evolving in today’s workplace is the invasion of employees’ privacy by the employer. â€Å"Everyone has a right to privacy at home, but this right does not include the workplace† (Lokie, 2002, para 3). Many employers have started monitoring the actions occurring by the employees of their company while at work. The main form of monitoring being used today is electronic monitoring. There are three forms of electric monitoring being used by employers; computer-based, telephone, and video surveillance. Other forms of monitoring include genetic, psychological, and drug testing. The following discusses all forms of monitoring as well as what can and ca nnot be done when dealing with workplace privacy. Electric Monitoring Since the ‘80s, electronic monitoring is rapidly becoming popular in today’s workplace. â€Å"According to a survey by the American Management Association, 78% of major U.S. firms reported active surveillance of employee activities during the year 2000† (â€Å"More Companies,† 2001). Technological advances are key reasons for the uprising in electronic monitoring. Monitoring telephone conversations has become more advanced. Employers can also purchase software that can monitor employee E-mail use, web sites visited, and what computer files the employee has accessed. Video surveillance is also becoming more and more hi-tech. Cameras are so small and easy to install that they may be hidden anywhere and in anything. Electronic monitoring of employees actions may be used in nearly all companies today. Telephone monitoring. Telephone monitoring is one of the most common forms ... Free Essays on Workplace Privacy Free Essays on Workplace Privacy Workplace Privacy Privacy is something everyone should have the right to. In fact, the First and Fourth Amendment protects this right. As defined by The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, privacy is the quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or view of others. A major issue evolving in today’s workplace is the invasion of employees’ privacy by the employer. â€Å"Everyone has a right to privacy at home, but this right does not include the workplace† (Lokie, 2002, para 3). Many employers have started monitoring the actions occurring by the employees of their company while at work. The main form of monitoring being used today is electronic monitoring. There are three forms of electric monitoring being used by employers; computer-based, telephone, and video surveillance. Other forms of monitoring include genetic, psychological, and drug testing. The following discusses all forms of monitoring as well as what can and c annot be done when dealing with workplace privacy. Electric Monitoring Since the ‘80s, electronic monitoring is rapidly becoming popular in today’s workplace. â€Å"According to a survey by the American Management Association, 78% of major U.S. firms reported active surveillance of employee activities during the year 2000† (â€Å"More Companies,† 2001). Technological advances are key reasons for the uprising in electronic monitoring. Monitoring telephone conversations has become more advanced. Employers can also purchase software that can monitor employee E-mail use, web sites visited, and what computer files the employee has accessed. Video surveillance is also becoming more and more hi-tech. Cameras are so small and easy to install that they may be hidden anywhere and in anything. Electronic monitoring of employees actions may be used in nearly all companies today. Telephone monitoring. Telephone monitoring is one of the most common forms ...

What is the relationship between taste and class Essay

What is the relationship between taste and class - Essay Example And if class does determine taste, to what extent does it determine taste? One of the major texts that tries to explore the relationship of class and taste is the article by Jane Steinhauer entitled â€Å"When the Joneses wear Jeans.† According to Steinhauer, unlike in earlier times, social class â€Å"has become harder to see in the things that Americans buy† (2005). This is because of the fact that prices have become more flat, and credit spending has become so popular, that even ordinary Americans can now actually buy high end products, that were before only exclusive to upper class Americans (Steinhauer 2005). In this case, it may be seen that the tastes of a certain individual does not necessarily reflect his or her social class, due to the fact that even ordinary citizens of America can now have the option to buy products that are commonly associated with the upper classes. In this case, then, does it negate the fact that class determines taste? However, Steinhauer does not easily agree. This is because of the fact that she still conced es that â€Å"status symbols have not disappeared† and that â€Å"the marketplace have simply gone one better, rolling out ever pricier goods and pitching them to ever loftier rich† (Steinhauer 2005). In this case, the presence of multimillion dollar luxury cars and thousand dollar-jewelries are still luxuries of the upper classes, and are still exclusive to them. In this case, Steinhauer further argues that even though the market has been able to expertly design and package high end goods to the middle classes in the purpose of expanding one’s market, the vertical desire of middle class people to indulge in upper class indulgences have become more â€Å"unrealistic,† due to the fact that America is know facing a â€Å"widening income gap between themselves and the rich† (Steinhauer 2005). In this case, she concludes that the true measure of upper class is the â€Å"personal services

VARK Learning Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

VARK Learning Styles - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  in reference to the VARK scores of the group, it is clear that my ideal and favorite learning techniques include visual and kinesthetic. In the visual assessment, I scored 25% as compared to the group/class score of9%.my kinetic score was 25% as compared to the class score of 21%. The group on the other hand did well on audio and reading techniques. The group/class score in audio assessment was 46% as compared to my 31% score. In audio assessment, the groups cored 24% while I scored 19%. These score differences can be explained through Fleming’s findings.  According to the report  individuals who perform well in the visual assessment are known to prefer assessments or evaluations that include diagram, grids, tables, and pamphlets. Individuals who perform well in Kinesthetic have been observed to prefer assessments that include illustrations, models, laboratory tests, academic expeditions, like to experiment on new things, prefer inc orporation of their own logic and intelligence in learning.  Fleming’s findings showed that individuals who perform when presented with debates, arguments, tutorials, harangues, and dialogues.  These are characteristic of group techniques of erudition. Those individuals who perform well in reading and writing assessments fancy using references in-print, thesis, and instruction booklets, and prefer doing research through the internet.  ... In the visual assessment, I scored 25% as compared to the group/class score of9%.my kinetic score was 25% as compared to the class score of 21%. The group on the other hand did well on audio and reading techniques. The group/class score in audio assessment was 46% as compared to my 31% score. In audio assessment, the groups cored 24% while I scored 19%. These score differences can be explained through Fleming’s findings. Individuals who perform well in the visual assessment are known to prefer assessments or evaluations that include diagram, grids, tables, and pamphlets. Individuals who perform well in Kinesthetic have been observed to prefer assessments that include illustrations, models, laboratory tests, academic expeditions, like to experiment on new things, prefer incorporation of their own logic and intelligence in learning. This explains why I did well in visual and kinesthetic. Results from Fleming’s study showed that individuals who perform when presented with debates, arguments, tutorials, harangues, and dialogues (Fleming and Bauma, 2006). These are characteristic of group techniques of erudition. Those individuals who perform well in reading and writing assessments fancy using references in-print, thesis, and instruction booklets, and prefer doing research through the internet. These techniques are easily and effectively accomplished as a group and that’s why the group performed well. Advantages and disadvantages of the different learning styles The main advantage of visual erudition is the fact that an individual is able to follow and grasp issues promptly. The disadvantage of this technique of learning is that some features and aspects of a certain topic

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Fair Trade Coffee Essay

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Fair Trade Coffee - Essay Example Since Green Mountain Coffee Roasters is also known for investing in small coffee enterprises, their target market is therefore the main focusing on the business owner who like to entertain their consumers by providing them with the best brewed coffee so that they can understand the quality of their consumer satisfaction and hence go ahead in having business transactions with them. Even, for the employees it is very refreshing to have coffee with a good brew. Apart from the business owners, when we look towards the consumer’s point of view, it is essentially meant for the families who like to have occasional get together and plan to drink coffee during those quality moments (Rudarakanchana, 2013). The young professionals who have the aspiration to start up with their own enterprises and be professional with their approach is also a target customer for them. Based on the target market, GMCR should also look forward to tapping the regions where there do not have their presence li ke the developing nations such as India and China. The demographic profile of the normal Green Mountain coffee consumer is not promptly accessible by means of market asset information; then again, a few industry patterns may be relevant to the GMCR target consumer. It is accepted that the target consumer is Caucasian and in their initial 20s and/or mid 40s. This consumer drinks a normal of 2-4 containers of coffee every day, which is a perfect focus for a solitary mug blending framework. Coffee inclination has a tendency to change by salary, with higher wage consumers inclining toward premium coffee products. Higher wages are additionally connected to a higher ability to pay for more manageable product characteristics. Considering this, GMCR offers a few lines of natural and reasonable exchange K-Cups and entire bean/ground coffee choices and more maintainable bundling alternatives. GMCR

Analysing An Experience To Develop Current Knowledge Nursing Essay

Analysing An Experience To Develop Current Knowledge Nursing Essay Reflection In this reflective account I will relate to a significant event, demonstrating how I have developed personally and professionally, focusing on the implementation of care and support. Rodgers (2002) suggests from Dewey (1933) that reflection is the process of reconstruction and reorganisation of experience which adds to the meaning of experience. Therefore analysing an experience, to develop your current knowledge, by reviewing your actions and assessing the experience to develop your own personal and professional skills in future practice. Hamill (1999) recommends writing reflection in first person using Driscolls model of reflection (Driscoll 2000). The situation I have chosen to reflect on is an interaction with a patient who had been given a terminal diagnosis and had been informed the prognosis was limited. I have chosen to reflect on this account as it involved difficult communication which made me question my competency as a student and prior to the event I thought I would not be prepared to deal with it. (See Appendix) As I had previously interacted with the patient on her admission, I have already communicated and developed a relationship with her. Groogan (1999) states that communication creates a relationship, with communication providing a holistic approach to caring for the individual to meet their psychological, social, spiritual and physical needs. I was therefore able to recognise that something was wrong and identified that she wanted somebody to talk to. Forrest (1989) identified core elements of nursing as picking up on cues and the importance of being there. Jarrett and Payne (1995) reviewed literature on nurse-patient communication and concluded that there is a need for nurses to make an assessment of each individual situation, so that they are aware of whether the patient desires the information. Relating to the assessment I made of the situation I was aware the patient wanted to talk and realised that she was not asking for information but wanted someone to talk to. During the event I felt anxious and nervous about how to react and communicate with the patient as I had never been in that situation before. Buckman (1998) identified health care professionals experience fear of the untaught and fear of saying I dont know, the experience of showing emotions was also identified and throughout the situation I felt empathy towards her. Empathy is defined as the mental capacity to appreciate another persons feeling without joining them, understanding patients experiences. (Hojat et al 2001). Sieh et al (1994) states that special emphasis is placed on listening and empathy skills in the training of nurses. However, in the situation I questioned my competencies within my communication skills as I thought I was unequipped within my training to provide the care and support the patient required. On reflection, I identified that I worked within my role and limitations as a student to assess the situation and act as appropriate. Reflecting on the situation I have identified that non-verbal communication played a large part of the experience. Non-verbal communication includes the use of eye contact, flexibility of facial expressions, the use of gestures, use of touch, pausing to allow a response timing and body posture (Purnell 2000). This definition relates to the situation as I was sat at her bedside when she began to cry, and then she said to me I am dying arent I? She put her hand out and I just comforted her by holding her hand. The expression and discussion of feelings of loss and grief can be very difficult for patients with incurable disease and their families (Clements- Cortes 2004) When she asked me the question I am dying arent I? my first thoughts were to ask a Staff Nurse to come and speak to her, but I felt as if she had chosen me to talk to and that I couldnt have walked away to get someone. Although I didnt answer her question, I felt as though I was supporting her by being with her and as I knew she understood her prognosis and felt that the question didnt need an answer. On reflection, the event directly impacted on the patient, me and my role as a student and my mentor. I feel that the patient was able to express her feeling and emotions and I was able to provide care and support within my role. I identified that I assessed the situation and made decisions to provide the best possible care and support for the patient at the time. The situation made me question my ability however it developed my communication skills which are transferable to all aspects of nursing. To enable me to reflect on the situation I used literature as part of the reflective process to read around communicating in palliative care, the nurse-patient relationship to continuing development and promote learning as Glaze (2001) reports the use of literature is used as part of reflection to promote learning by reading around the topic. Following the event, I informed my mentor what had happened and she said she was aware of the situation and felt that I had dealt with it very well. We reflected on the event and I felt as though at the time somebody could have came to make sure the situation was ok but following the discussion my mentor was aware of the situation and that she would have intervened if necessary. Following the discussion I felt supported by my mentor, although the event was emotional and sensitive I feel it was a positive learning experience. Benner (1984) describes stages of practice from novice to expert, at this stage in my training, I am working towards an advanced beginner, although I recognise this in this situation I had no experience of communicating in difficult situations and for that reason I felt like a novice. For this reason I feel as though my mentor could have identified my weakness in this area and at the time and acted sooner. The role of the mentor is to assess and support the student in practice (NMC 2008) on this occasion I felt my mentor fulfilled their role after the discussion following the event, however during the event I felt it was just me and the patient, and I acted within my role. In conclusion, I have recognised the importance of the nurse-patient relationship and feel the experience at the time and reflecting on the experience has had a positive impact on my personal and professional development. Understanding that within the role of a nurse, communication is not only about information provision but about adapting your own skill to assess situations and act appropriately. In relation to implementation of care and support this experience highlights the nurse role to provide emotional support to continue to communicate effectively.

The Life Support of the Forestry Regime: Case Studies of Two Transnatio

The Life Support of the Forestry Regime: Case Studies of Two Transnational NGOs Introduction As relatively new actors in international relations, nongovernmental organizations or NGOs are becoming a vital component for successful environmental regimes. NGOs organize transnational advocacy networks that link state actors, businesses, and other organizations. The forestry regime is relatively weak as compared to other environmental regimes because of a lack of international agreements and state policies regarding forest conservation. NGOs have attempted to fill this state actor void and are beginning to shape the quality of the regime by establishing principles to guide state behavior. NGOs have developed conservation and management strategies, financed reforestation projects, and fostered business partnerships. This essay compares the strategies of the World Wide Fund for Nature (referred to as the World Wildlife Fund-WWF in English speaking countries) and Rainforest Alliance, two international NGOs that are involved with forestry projects in developing countries. The c omparison indicates that both increase public awareness through different strategies. The WWF defines overarching goals and finances broad programs and the Rainforest Alliance focuses on industry through certification programs. Though both NGOs have not significantly changed international policy, they have been successful in creating a civil society to support the regime. If NGOs continue to change the public’s values and increase their involvement with local communities, they will become an even greater source of strength within the forestry regime. Where have our global forests gone? Deforestation is a significant threat to the world’s biodiver... ...Asia-Pacific: Corporations and Environmental Management. New York: Cambridge University Press. 202pp. Rainforest Alliance- Innovative Solutions for Global Conservation. Online. The Rainforest Alliance. Available: www.rainforest-alliance.org updated 2004 [accessed 4/5/04]. Shapiro, C. 2003. Indonesian Wood Certified as Legally Cut Arrives in Norfolk, Va. Port. Virginian-Pilot. Aug. 6, 2003. Wapner, P. 2004. Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. In Green Planet Blues, edited by K. Conca and G.D. Dabelko, (pp. 122-139). Boulder, CO.: Westview Press. Wilson, B., Van Kooten, G.C., Vertinsky, I., Arthur L. 1999. Forest Policy: International Case Studies. New York: CABI Publishing. 273pp. WWF Forests for Life Programme. Online. The World Wide Fund for Nature. Available: www.panda.org updated 2004 [accessed 4/5/04].

Effective Broadcasting of Channel One

There is a large debate erupting within our nation†s education system. Corporate America is invading our classrooms and campuses at an alarming rate. Corporate conglomerates such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nike, and US West are making their presence felt in the hallways, gyms and classrooms from grade schools to colleges. Should these companies be allowed to buy their way into the classroom? The answer is no. Corporate restructuring of our educational systems is not the way to solve our schools† funding problems. Big companies want to get into the classrooms as soon as possible. Next year, 53 million American children will make up approximately $250 billion dollars worth of immediate spending (Long, 2000:1). If the children are properly marketed, this figure would rise exponentially in later years, leading to a lifetime of brand recognition. These children are beginning to associate certain products with the brand names that they see and use at school every day. This will then likely cause these children to continue to buy the same products later in life as well. This lifetime of purchasing power could lead to incalculable profits in future years. Channel One is a daily newscast that is offered to students around the country. Nearly 40 percent of American schools tune into Channel One everyday (Manning, 1999:1). A controversial entrepreneur, Chris Whittle, founded this company in 1989. These students are supposedly tuning into this program every day in order to keep up on current events and issues around the world. However, Channel One is now known as the most profitable in-school marketing campaign in the nation. The company gives the schools, which will allot time for students to watch the program, free satellites and television sets. What it also gives them is two minutes of paid advertising (Stark, 2000;1). Nearly all of the 86,000 schools across the country use some sort of program where the schools receive money or equipment in exchange for proof-of-purchase coupons or receipts (McQueen, 2000:2). Is our public education system nothing more than an incentive based purchasing program, or are we trying to teach independent thought and creative thinking? Third grade math is being taught by using â€Å"Tootsie Rolls. † Classroom business courses are being taught by touring students through McDonald†s facilities. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are feuding over multi-million dollar contracts that would ensure student consumption of their products first (Manning, 1999:1). Nike offers free apparel and equipment for sports programs, only if the athletes will become walking billboards, wearing large logos on their jerseys and clothing. US West builds team scoreboards only for schools that will agree to exclusive vending deals. However, there is something else to be said about the commercialism of our nation†s public education system. In standardized testing, our nation†s education system is falling behind the rest of the world. The government has been lagging on education reform, and fewer dollars are being pumped into most areas of public education. Some would say that commercialism is a great opportunity to put money back into the schools. South Fork Highschool In Marlin County, Florida gave Pepsi the exclusive right to to market and sell its beverages to their students in exchange for $155,000 (Stark, 2000:3). A school that was in dire need of funding received compensation and Pepsi, in turn, gets to be the sole distributor of beverages to the school. This is the business exchange. These companies will provide money and services for schools that are lacking proper funding in exchange for what is turning out to be rudimentary corporate brainwashing. This may not be necessarily bad for the students, but it does pose a threat to true consumerism. Another great example of this is The Wal-Mart Corporation. More than 1,800 Teacher of the Year awards are given by Wal-Mart, each teacher receiving $500 that can be turned around and spend at Wal-Mart to purchase goods and supplies for the class (Long, 2000:2). This is where Wal-Mart†s investment begins to pay off. When the students see that Wal-Mart has recognized a teacher of theirs, and has in turn given money for the school, than the students will begin to see Wal-Mart as a good company. This may, in-turn, cause sub-conscious purchase intent in the future for these students. While this may seem like a fair trade, money in exchange for consideration, but there is a deeper issue at bay. Should this potential corporate brainwashing be allowed to occur when our children†s susceptible minds are at risk? If this is allowed to happen, then our entire society could be interpreted as being one large marketplace, where commercialism dominates over everything, even basic public education. There are some people who are fighting back against the onslaught of corporate propaganda, and it can make a difference. A group in Seattle, known as the Citizen†s Campaign for Commercial-free schools (CCC), has been organizing meetings and â€Å"commercialism walk-throughs† in order to raise public awareness of the situation (Manning, 1999:3). In these walk-throughs, groups from the CCC will go and collect as much marketing material in the schools as they can, and send copies of their reports to the appropriate school boards. One schoolboard, with pressure from the CCC and other supporters, issued a resolution stating â€Å"We are opposed to exposing schoolchildren to corporate values in an educational environment where they assume that whatever is presented to them carries the approval of the educational establishment (Manning, 1999:3). After this resolution was issued, members of the CCC were put on a school-community task force responsible for studying the issue and making policy recommendations. Four states have also begun to limit certain types of advertising and other commercial activity from their public schools: California, Florida, New York, Maine, and Illinois (McQueen, 2000:1). According to the Center for Commercial-Free Public Education in Oakland, the Madison School Board in Wisconsin was the first ever to reject renewal of an existing corporate contract when they cancelled their contract with Coca-Cola after months of public debate (McQueen, 2000:2). In closing, it is imperative that this corporate desecration of our education system be stopped now. If this problem is not remedied, then businesses could quite feasibly end up running our public education. People are making a stand, but the results are too far and in-between for any real difference to be seen. Consumerism will eventually take the place of learning as the goal of our schools, and we will fall further behind in terms of international education standards.

Life Span Development essays

Life Span Development essays In the book, Curious George rides a bike by H.A. Rey, George receives a new bike from his friend. His friend tells him to be careful with his new bike and to keep close to the house while he is gone. George does not listen to his friend and decides to go exploring away from the house. While exploring, George sees two boys playing with their toy boats and then decides that he wants to play with a toy boat. George made a plan (how to make the boat) and then he carried out the task. George made himself a boat out of newspaper. This is an example of stage two, 1-3 years, Erikson. In stage two, children express their growing self control by climbing, touching, exploring, and try to do things for themselves. (Dennis Coon) Though most children in stage two would be exploring their kitchen floor, or ceiling, not a river! I also read the story, Curious George gets a medal by H.A. Rey. In this story George makes a mess in his friends house. George is anxious to clean up the mess before his friend gets home. The reason that he is so eager to clean up the mess is because he is thinking about the possible consequences of his actions. If this were an actual little boy, he would be thinking, I dont want to get punished, so I will clean up the mess. Or, Oh, No! Im going to get into big trouble! This is an example of Stage 1 the preconventional level, Kohlberg. If his friend werent coming home would George work so vigorously to clean up the mess? I think not. In the second half of the book, George is asked to help a professor in a somewhat dangerous experiment. The professor that has asked this of him says, Of course everything will be forgiven if you are willing to go. (George got into a bit of trouble while he was there.) George agrees to this request because he wants to please others. George wants to be nice. Why would a child want to...

All About Famous Memorials and Monuments of the U.S.

All About Famous Memorials and Monuments of the U.S. How do we remember important events? How can we best honor our dead? Should we pay tribute with realistic sculptures of our heroes? Or, will the monument be more meaningful and profound if we choose abstract forms? Sometimes the horror of events are too unreal to accurately represent. The design of a monument or memorial is often more symbolic than an accurate representation. Powerful Memorials in the U.S. National September 11 Memorial, New York, NYU.S.S. Arizona, Honolulu, HIVietnam Veterans Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, Washington Monument, Lincoln Memorial, and the National WWII Memorial in Washington, D.C.Gateway Arch, St. Louis, MOMount Rushmore National Memorial, SD Often the most powerful memorials - the monuments that stir strong emotion - are surrounded with controversy. The memorials and monuments listed here show various ways architects and designers have chosen to honor heroes, respond to tragedies, or commemorate important events. The memorial is there to provide an experience, Michael Arad has said. That experience, no doubt, involves memory. It is no surprise that the word memorial comes from the Latin word memoria, meaning memory. Architecture is memory. Memorials and monuments tell a story. To Honor and Remember People and Events How many buildings have you lived in? Where did you make your home when you were a child? when you first went to school? first fell in love? Our memories are inextricably tied with place. Events in our lives are permanently entangled with where they happened. Even when all the details may be fuzzy, the sense of place is forever with us. Architecture can be powerful markers of memories, so commanding that we sometimes consciously create memorials to honor and remember people and events. We may make a crude twig cross to commemorate a childhood pet. The carved stone on a family members burial site is built to stand for centuries. Bronze plaques remind a nation of bravery in face of adversity. Concrete tombs can visually present the scope of tragedies. How do we use architecture to express loss and hope for renewal? Does it make sense to spend millions of dollars building September 11 memorials? How we spend our money is an ongoing debate for families, nations, and institutions. The First Monuments and Memorials The earliest creations built by man for purposes other than shelter were spiritual in nature  - monuments to higher powers and memorials to honor the dead. One thinks of the prehistoric Stonehenge in Britain and the Grecian Parthenon built in 432 B.C. for the goddess Athena. The first memorials may have been the great pyramids in Egypt, the tombs of the great kings and pharaohs. Historically, human beings remember events related to war. As tribal conflicts became wars between nation states, the victors have built monuments to their victories. Monuments designed as arches can be traced back to the triumphal arches of Rome, such as the Arch of Titus (A.D. 82) and the  Arch of Constantine (A.D. 315). These Roman arches influenced 19th and 20th century war memorials around the world, including one of the most famous triumphal arches, the 1836 Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France. American War Memorials and Monuments The 1842 Bunker Hill Memorial near Boston, Massachusetts memorializes the American Revolution and the battle that took place on this sacred ground. In the United States, battlegrounds themselves are often considered the memorial. Throughout American history, memorial architecture has been built both locally and nationally. American Civil War: Monuments to Civil War heroes continue to divide the nation. Communities and groups who had erected monuments to Confederate war heroes of the 19th century found these memorials being removed in the 21st century  - remembering a culture of slavery and white supremacy became untolerable to a society struggling with inclusion.  Architecture can stir emotions and controversy. Less controversial is the 1866 Civil War Unknowns Monument, the first Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington Cemetery. It is a mass grave of over 2,000 soldiers, both Union and Confederate, whose bones and bodies were picked up after gruesome battles. The tomb is inscribed in stone: Beneath this stone repose the bones of two thousand one hundred and eleven unknown soldiers gathered after the war from the fields of Bull Run, and the route to the Rappahanock, their remains could not be identified. But their names and deaths are recorded in the archives of their country, and its grateful citizens honor them as of their noble army of martyrs. May they rest in peace! September. A. D. 1866. World War I: A National World War I Memorial called The Weight of Sacrifice officially marks the 100th anniversary of the end of WWI as it is dedicated on November 11, 2018. The memorial design competition was won by the Chicago-based architect Joseph Weishaar and New York City sculptor Sabin Howard. The memorial in Washington, DCs Pershing Park is the first national monument to this war event. The 1926 Liberty Memorial in Kansas City, Missouri had been considered a national memorial because of the number of soldiers who passed through the city on their way to war. The District of Columbia War Memorial in Washington, D.C. is considered a local monument. World War II:  Dedicated in 2004, the National World War II Memorial is located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Friedrich St.Florian, the Austrian-born architect, won the competition with his highly symbolic design. Down the road from St.Florians memorial is the iconic Iwo Jima Memorial. Near Arlington National Cemetery, the statue replicates a dynamic photograph depicting an important event in WWII Pacific War history. The 1954 statue, however, is really called the United States Marine Corps War Memorial and is dedicated to all Marines who have given their lives in defense of the United States since 1775. Similarly, the nearby 2006 United States Air Force Memorial  and the 1987 United States Navy Memorial honor those military branches. The horrors of WWII may best be depicted at the U.S.S. Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, a 1962 museum built over the hull of a sunken battleship. Keeping the ruins of war has been a popular way to impress memories of war on future generations. In Hiroshima, Japan the Atomic Bomb Dome, the remains of a building from the 1945 atomic bomb attack, is central to the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Korean War: The Korean War Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. was dedicated July 27, 1995, decades after the 1953 armistice. Unlike other memorials, the Korean War Veterans Memorial honors the nearly six million Americans who served during the three-year conflict and not just the men and women who gave their lives. Vietnam War: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall - the controversial design by architect Maya Lin - was dedicated in 1982 and remains one of the most visited sites in Washington, D.C. One of its most emotional appeals is the reflective nature of the engraved stone, where a viewers image can literally be reflected while reflecting on the names of the dead and missing. A bronze statue of three soldiers was added in 1964 and the  Vietnam Womens Memorial statue was added in 1993. Terrorism: A new type of war for the United States is undeclared, yet the horror of terrorism is everpresent. Michael Arads vision for a National September 11 Memorial in New York City reflects the absence of what once existed - both buildings and people are to be remembered. In Shanksville, Pennsylvania, a 90-foot wind chime called the Tower of Voices houses 40 tonal tubes that sing together as the voices of the 40 passengers and crew of United Flight 93. September 11 memorials often use symbolism to honor place and people. The Tower of Voices in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Jeff Swensen/Getty Images (cropped) Tomb of the Unknown Soldier The 1921 Tomb of the Unknowns, or the Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers, at Arlington National Cemetery is a simple white marble sarcophagus (coffin) that holds powerful symbolic meaning. Like the walls of the 1922 Lincoln Memorial, the Tomb of the Unknowns is constructed with bright white marble from the Yule Quarry in Colorado. Neoclassical pilasters, wreaths representing the major battles of World War I, and Grecian figures symbolizing Peace, Victory, and Valor decorate the marble panels. One panel is inscribed: HERE RESTS IN HONORED GLORY AN AMERICAN SOLDIER KNOWN BUT TO GOD. Although the Tomb of the Unknowns holds the remains of only a few individuals, the site honors the many unidentified men and women who gave their lives in armed conflict. The Tomb of the Unknowns also underscores Americas commitment to account for all service members who are missing - an idea that gained prominence after the Civil War. Both the Tomb of the Unknowns and the earlier Civil War Unknowns Monument have been the focus of remembrance since the first Decoration Day, now called Memorial Day, when spring flowers are used to decorate the graves of fallen soldiers. Holocaust Memorials Millions of people were killed between 1933 and 1945 in what is known as the Holocaust or Shoah. Remembering the horror of the slaughter is an attempt to never allow its repeat. Two of the best-known memorials are museums by two well-known architects. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, Germany, was designed by Peter Eisenman and the Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum in Jerusalem is by Moshe Safdie. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. opened inn 1993 as a living memorial to the Holocaust. In Europe, artist Gunter Demnig has created Stolpersteine or stumbling stones to memorialize the last known addresss of victims. Architect Daniel Libeskind has created a Jewish Museum in Berlin, Germany and the Ohio Holocaust and Liberators Memorial in Columbus, Ohio. For some Holocaust survivors, remembering the horrors has been neither easy nor desireable. The history of the Holocaust Memorial in Miami Beach, Florida has its own story of objection and disapproval - yet the resulting sculpture garden is profound and moving. Monuments and Memorials to Leaders, Groups, and Movements Until the 21st century, United States Presidents have been revered. One thinks of the great heads carved in stone at the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in the Black Hills of South Dakota. The Jefferson Memorial, Washington Monument, and Lincoln Memorial are three of the most well-known architecture destinations created for the public in all of Washington, D.C. In 1997, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial was added to the presidential mix in the nations capital. The John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial by Pritzker Laureate Philip Johnson is located in Dallas, Texas - the site of the presidential assassination. Consensus is never unanimous for which U.S. Presidents deserve to be remembered. Agreement is even less harmonious for other leaders, groups, and movements. The Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial in Washington, D.C. is a case in point - bickering before and after it was dedicated in 2011. The Civil Right Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama, designed by Maya Lin, was dedicated in 1989 to far less controversy. National memorials and monuments to the plight of disenfranchised Americans  - Native Americans, Black Americans, and LGBT Americans, for example - are few or nonexistant, except for museums. The design of monuments is often modelled after historic architecture of the past. For example, the iconic 1892 Washington Square Arch in New York Citys Greenwich Village looks strikingly similar to the triumphal stone arches built since the Roman Arch of Titus from the year 82. Likewise, the 1910 Pilgrim Monument in Provincetown, Massachusetts was designed specifically after the 14th century Torre Del Mangia in Siena, Italy. Design is not materials, however, as the tower rising on Cape Cod is not Italian brick but made of granite from Maine  - the tallest all-granite structure in the U.S. Monuments to Ideals The St. Louis Gateway Arch is an homage to Westward Expansion. The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a monument to the ideals of freedom and opportunity. Nearby on Roosevelt Island in New York City, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park, designed by modernist architect Louis I. Kahn,  is a memorial not only to FDR, but also to his vision of basic human rights. Sometimes we build memorials to remind us of whats important. Why We Need Monuments and Memorials Monuments and memorials ultimately tell stories, the tales important to their human creators. Architecture, including memorials and monuments, is an expressive tool. Design can show prosperity, whimsy, solemnity, or a combination of qualities. But architecture doesnt need to be big and expensive to ensure memory. When we build things, sometimes the purpose is an obvious marker of a life or an event to be remembered. But anything we build can kindle the flames of memory. In the words of John Ruskin (1819-1900): Therefore, when we build, let us think that we build for ever. Let it not be for present delight, nor for present use alone; let it be such work as our descendants will thank us for, and let us think, as we lay stone on stone, that a time is to come when those stones will be held sacred because our hands have touched them, and that men will say as they look upon the labor and wrought substance of them, See! this our fathers did for us. - Section X, The Lamp of Memory, The Seven Lamps of Architecture, 1849 Sources Eva Hagberg, How Architecture Commemorates Tragedy, Metropolis, June 28, 2005, metropolismag.com/uncategorized/how-architecture-commemorates-tragedy/History of the Marine Corps War Memorial, National Park Service, https://www.nps.gov/gwmp/learn/historyculture/usmcwarmemorial.htm David A. Graham. The Stubborn Persistence of Confederate Monuments, The Atlantic, April 26, 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/04/the-stubborn-persistence-of-confederate-monuments/479751/Civil War Unknown Monument, Arlington National Cemetery, arlingtoncemetery.mil/Explore/Monuments-and-Memorials/Civil-War-Unknowns History of the Holocaust Memorial, Holocaust Memorial Miami Beach, https://holocaustmemorialmiamibeach.org/about/history/Quick Facts, Pilgrim Monument, https://www.pilgrim-monument.org/pilgrim-monument/Additional Photo Credits: USS Arizona National Memorial, MPI/Getty Images (cropped); Atomic Bomb Dome, Craig Pershouse/Getty Images; Pilgrim Monument, haveseen/Getty Images; Torr e del Mangia, Nadya85/Getty Images (cropped)

Henry Grantt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Henry Grantt - Essay Example ("Wikipedia") Upon graduating from the John Hopkins College, Gantt worked as a schoolteacher and draughtsman. He then pursued mechanical engineering and was employed by Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel in 1887. In these companies, he worked as a management consultant in collaboration with Frederick W. Taylor, known as the father of Scientific Management. ("Wikipedia") Gantt became influential during the early 1900s when his proposed management theories and tools where broadly recognized in the world of business. As one of the pioneers of the Scientific Management movement, Gantt believes that management problems should be studied according to scientific methods. This entails the elimination of guesswork, setting a proper task for each man and allocating apt rewards for the achievement of assigned tasks. (Gaus) His most prominent legacy to the management discipline is the Gantt chart, an important tool in project management. Aside from this, Gantt also focused on developing motivational schemes, reward systems, methods of measuring efficiency as well as the importance of leadership qualities and management skills in building effective industrial organizations. ("Gurus") Gantt is recognized as a forerunner of the Human Relations School of Management. He "humanized" the prevailing salary scheme during those times, which was based on Taylor's piece-rate system, by developing a pay incentive scheme comprising of a guaranteed minimum wage plus bonus system ("Gurus"). With Gantt's proposed wage program, bonuses are provided for workers who accomplished their jobs in less time than the benchmark set (Higgins). This served as the motivating factor for workers to strive to become more productive in completing assigned tasks. He advocated this type of incentive scheme because he deemed that this would result in the congruency of interests of both employers and employees. He believed that organizational efficiency could be substantially enhanced by further improving the productivity of workers in the same pace as that of production technology. (Knoedler) In terms of employee training, Gantt disagreed with Taylor's vision that the purpose of training was primarily to assist employees in learning and perfecting rudimentary tasks. During his stint as management consultant, he permitted machinists to experiment with new methods until they were able to discover innovative means of improving their productivity and earning bonus based on the quality of their performance. (Knoedler) Given these findings, Gantt had indeed refined and expanded the human resource management theories asserted by Taylor (Henderson). Furthermore, he believed that all corporate undertakings should be in line with human nature. Gantt posited, "We cannot drive people; we must direct their development." ("Professional Development in Private Sector") Gantt's influence on wage incentive and training schemes is still remarkable until now. Nowadays, companies tend to relate their bonuses and other benefits on employee performance which in return is based on the meeting of specific objectives or targets set for each employee. Moreover, companies provide relevant trainings and seminars for

GYN URI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GYN URI - Essay Example Getting off the Depo might decrease patient risk for OP in the future. Nexplanon is hormones- releasing birth control implement does not need daily taken or monthly injection placed under skin for long-acting methods http://www.nexplanon-usa.com/en/consumer/about-it/what-is-nexplanon/index.asp Furthermore, clinicians should educate the patient about LARCs.  Paragards are great in terms of length of efficacy. According to Hatcher et all (2007) in  Contraceptive Technology, women who experience irregular/heavy bleeding are significantly more likely to discontinue use of the IUD (p. 139), stating that 1 month follow up after insertion and use of NSAIDS can help reduce bleeding and rates of discontinuation.   So let us throw in the ACA and women access to contraceptive choices. These federal changes will include MAJOR changes in previously unavailable methods of birth control for the under or uninsured. I am going to refer to the ACNMs most recent survey, and now being heavily disseminated to media outlets, on womens perceptions of contraceptive choices. This is IMPORTANT for you to know, most women are unaware of the most effective methods, and many were previously not insured to receive LARC. http://ourmomentoftruth.midwife.org/OMOT-Contraception-and-Family-Planning. To learn MORE about ACA implantation. Depo-Provera use is not recommended for more than 2 years due to its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) loss in women. â€Å"On average women who used Depo have a BMD similar to non- users within two to three years after stopping the shots† (Flinn, 2011). Flinn indicates that the recovery of bone mass density is relative to the length of time a women used the Depo injections. Women who used Depo longer than a year were noted to take as long as 7 years before returning to their original BMD levels. Patient is at risk for osteoporosis due to age, race, and ethnicity. The clinician should make

Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Governance - Essay Example Such an argument is made with specific reference to the role that companies play in the social and economic lives of the society at large. The governance of corporations is also debatable at governmental level as per the political powers they may exercise and the world wide reach of the business in the globalized economy. Governments are taking keen interest in the governance matter of the companies not only to secure the national economy and shareholders rights but also to protect the global share of the country in the international markets. On the other hand, the finance providers including the individuals, banks, financial institutions and governments (in their role as investor) seek guarantee that their resources are being utilized in an efficient manner and create sufficient profits for them. This guarantee or assurance leads to the necessity of good corporate governance in place. In other words we can say that good corporate governance leads to increased shareholder trust and a ttracts potential investors due to the assurance that their resources will be secured (Macey 2008). Corporate governance can be defined in a number of ways. ... The main idea is the governance of corporations with an aim to increase stakeholder trust and confidence in the company’s operations, strategies, outputs and practices. Such a system of running businesses lead to the compliance with legal, constructive and social obligations which further enhances the credibility of the corporation in terms of gaining trust and assurance of the stakeholders (Monks & Minow 2004; Ali & Gregoriou 2006). Economic Reasons The corporations are governed by the directors through the managers and lower level staff, however, shareholders holds the directors accountable for the matters concerning the businesses. Corporate governance should be a matter of shareholders as their investments are at stake with the business’s reputation, operations and governance. Shareholders need an assurance of the security of their shareholdings. The returns that the business generates are eventually distributed among the shareholders. The governance of a corporatio n, hence, is of immense importance to the shareholders in terms of the economic benefits it may bring. Alternatively, any inappropriate action or decision taken by the directors held them accountable to the shareholders. Friedman (1962) suggests that the shareholder theory claims that corporation decisions should be made to enhance the value of shares to increase returns for the shareholders. Further, the agency relationship that exists between shareholders and directors may form the basis of good corporate governance practices, whereby, directors act as agents to the shareholders. In other words, the corporate governance codes and practices, as per the

Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Huckleberry Finn Essay The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, takes place during the antebellum era, and revolves around a young boy, named Huck. The antebellum era was the years right before the Civil War, so Huck was living in a dark and murky time in American History. Huck starts off by living with The Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson, who is trying to civilize him or make him to be what the perfect child should look like and make him act how a perfect child should act. Huck does not want that. He just wants to live how he wants, just like most youth want. In the novel, Huckleberry Finn befriends a runaway slave, Jim, and his adventures begin. According to Dennis Puopard, Mark Twain exposed many of the dark problems of antebellum United States. Some say Mark Twain wrote this episodic novel as a boys adventure story and that Huck is a character that children should look up to. (422) Modern readers do not see Huckleberry Finn as a childrens book because the book is racist, there a themes of lying, and characters object and criticize authority. Because, modern readers see the book as improper for children The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is on the banned books list on many school in the United States. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn there are racial slurs, lies, and profanity. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a childrens book in todays society because of the prominent theme of race. The topic of race and racism is strong in todays society. If a modern American citizen uses racial slurs against another race in a hurtful way that citizen would be convicted with a criminal offense. A racial slur such as the word nigger is not tolerable todays society. The word nigger was used to belittle and dehumanize African American slaves, such as Jim, in antebellum United States. Through out the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, author Mark Twain includes racial slurs such as the word, nigger toward African American characters, such as Jim and other slaves. Good gracious! anybody hurt? Nom. Killed a nigger. Well, its lucky; because sometimes people do get hurt. ( Twain 109). This quote shows how the white society views Jim different then themselves. They view Jim as property rather than a human with a living breathing heart. This dialoged between two white characters just shows how hurtful and cruelly someone can sound just by taking. Barbra L. Jackson professor at Fordham University in New York City says, It is hard to teach The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in a diverse class because of its racial views. (63). If a college professor has a hard time teaching the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to her class, how can it be easy for high school students who are studding the novel, or even young boys whom pick up the book and start reading it? Also, Barbra L. Jackson says, I always see a lack in participation, when studying the book, the students do not want to read out loud, (64). The students do not feel right saying nigger out loud because they do not want to offend any of their classmates. The students know that the word, nigger is a taboo in modern society. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn should not be taught or read to children because of the racial slurs. The type of racial language that Mark Twain uses in the book is offensive and crude. The exposure of the racial slurs to young children would be harmful. The young children will think it is okay to say the new words they discover from reading The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which would get them into trouble in the future.

Event-Driven Programming Features

Event-Driven Programming Features Event-driven programming known as a computer programming paradigm that used the occurrence of events to determine the control flow of the program. This type of application is designed to detect events as they occur, and use an appropriate event-handling procedure to deal with it, which normally use a callback function or method. Theoretically, event-driven style of programming is supported in all programming languages, but they may different in the way of implement it, for example, its easier to implement in languages that provide high-level abstractions, such as closures. Besides, for other programming environments such as Adobe Flash, they are specifically tailored for triggering program code by events. Generally, there is a main loop in an event-driven application that used to listen for events and triggers a callback function when there are events is detected. Key features and characteristics of event-driven programming Service Oriented Service oriented is a key features in event-driven programming that used to write programs that are made for services and it takes does not slow down the computer as service oriented only consume little of the computer processing power and usually services run in the background of OS. Time Driven In event driven programming, time driven is a paradigm, its a code that runs on a time trigger, time driven can be a specific code that runs on a specific time, which could be once an hour, once a week or once a month, this means its a pre-set to do task. For example, windows update is the example of time driven, which user can set when to update or when to check and download the update. Event Handlers Event handlers is a type of function or method that run a specific action when a specific event is triggered. For example, it could be a button that when user click it, it will display a message, and it will close the message when user click the button again, this is an event handler. Trigger Functions Trigger functions in event-driven programming are a functions that decide what code to run when there are a specific event occurs, which are used to select which event handler to use for the event when there is specific event occurred. Events Events include mouse, keyboard and user interface, which events need to be triggered in the program in order to happen, that mean user have to interacts with an object in the program, for example, click a button by a mouse, use keyboard to select a button and etc. Simplicity of Programming and Ease of Development Event-driven programming is simple and easier to program compared to other type of programming as its very visual, for example you can place a button by just select it and place it onto a form and write a code for it. Event-driven programming also easy for user to insert a pre-written code scripts into an existing application because it allows user to pause the code while its running. Which make developing using event-driven programming is easy. Compare Event Driven Programming with Object-oriented Programming (OOP) As mentioned above, event-driven programming known as a computer programming paradigm that used the occurrence of events to determine the control flow of the program, while objects-oriented programming (OOP) treats datafields as objects manipulated through pre-defined methods only and it constructed over four major principles, which are Encapsulation, Data Abstraction, Polymorphism and Inheritance. JavaScript, ActionScript, Visual Basic and Elm are the example for event-driven programming, while C++, C#, Java, Python, Ruby and Scala are the examples for object-oriented programming. In event-driven programming, a program is executed when they detected an event occur, for example, use mouse to click a button to show a message. Besides, in object-oriented programming, emphasis is given to data and classes are the main part of OOP, which mean classes are the blueprints of object and keep the data secure in the classes, only methods of particular classes are allowed to view the data. The classes are also different between event-driven programming and object oriented programming. In OOP, classes can be created by own while in event-driven programming user must use the defined classes. Object-oriented programming and event-driven programming may use together, which mentioned above that event-driven programming are support in all programming language, its just the way of implement it may different. References What is event-driven programming? (2017). Retrieved January 17, 2017, from http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/e/event-driven-prog.htm 1010, zakkcuthbert. (2014, November 7). Key features of event driven programs. Retrieved January 17, 2017, from https://zakkcuthbertunit14eventdrivenprogramming.wordpress.com/2014/11/07/key-features-of-event-driven-programs/ Event-driven programming (2017). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming#Common_uses Comparison of programming paradigms (2017). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_paradigms Studytonight. (2016). Object oriented programming concepts in C++. Retrieved January 17, 2017, from http://www.studytonight.com/cpp/cpp-and-oops-concepts.php

The Life And Times Of James Joyce :: essays research papers

Life and Times of James Joyce James Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, whose psychological views opened up a whole New World to twentieth century writers. He is still known as one of the most influential writers not only in Ireland, but all throughout Ireland. Joyce was born in Dublin on February 2, 1882, into the care of his mother and father, both poverty-stricken. He attended only Jesuit-run schools, first the boarding school, Clongowes, then the day school, Belvedere, and finally the Royal University, which was better known as the University College (Litz 8). While he attended Belvedere he enjoyed writing essays, and won several awards for his phenomenal test scores. Even as a young man, Joyce was destined to be well known and famous for the rest of his life. But by the end of his university years he had rejected Catholicism in favor of literature (Litz 8). His love for writing just had to come first before anything else. After his years in the university he began experimenting with prostitutes and alcohol, and spent large amounts of money, which he claimed was to study medicine, but instead wasted it on sick pleasures in Paris. He returned shortly from Paris when his mother was diagnosed with cancer. (Litz 15). After his mother died, family life became even tougher for Joyce, he began to drink heavily. He made a little money reviewing books, teaching school, and singing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In February of 1904 he started writing a long fiction autobiography called Stephen Hero, which he could never find the time to finish or even begin again (Litz 8). In June 1904 he met Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid whose down-to-earth attitude welcomed him more so than any of the girls he met at the university did. They ran off to Europe together in October 1904. James and Nora ended up in Trieste and Pola, Austria, where they spoke Italian, and were desperately poor, so poverty-stricken that his brother, brother Stanislaus ended up paying a lot of their bills (Litz 8).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1909 and 1912, James visited Ireland, first trying to arrange publication of Dubliners. Between 1914 and 1920, Joyce's fortunes gradually improved as his writing gained attention and the wealthier readers began to turn their heads in his direction. But his big break which is an irony is when the banning of Ulysses (published 1922) occurred, and turned Joyce into a household name (Chace 25).

Study of a sonnet, looking at examples by two different poets writing before 1900, showing how they use form to express their ideas

The greatest aspect of a sonnet is that it reflects hard work and vigour. It also displays some of the characteristics that the sonneteer may possess. For example, Shakespeare has given himself a wealth of characteristics throughout his works, but what struck me most, was his power to fulfil what he wanted to say and would take up innumerable roles in which to display his message. I believe that this unveils a new side of Shakespeare every time he writes. I feel that my main aim in this essay is to look at the differences, both subtle and outright that make some of the greatest sonnets and sonneteers so very contrasting from one another. Firstly, it is very important to explore a sonnet. The first sonnet is called, â€Å"Batter My Heart† by John Donne. This is a classic English sonnet written at the beginning of the Seventeenth century where Donne unravels his negativity towards himself, and how he demands to be freed from his evil and cast back to God's side. The second sonnet is called, â€Å"Death Be Not Proud† by John Donne. This is a sort of argument against the rights of Death, exploring why Death does not, in fact, have any power over anything. In the two sonnets we see Donne as a man who desperately needed God in his life. He felt separated from God because of his sins and shortcomings. Steir, a critic known for his views on Donne states that he could not see himself free from sin: â€Å"Donne finds it difficult to accept being saved as a sinner and he cannot convincingly imagine being free from sin. In the absence of the capacity to imagine or feel either of these, Donne's deepest prayer must be either to be ravished into chastity, or to escape from God's attention†. Of these sonnets, many differences occurred. The exploration of these is just as important. For example, in both sonnets, Donne wanted God to interfere directly into his life and bring Donne to him. Donne could not bring himself directly to God because he felt that he was unworthy of God. The examination of William Shakespeare's 18th sonnet gives us a perspective into one side of Shakespeare's character. This particular sonnet discovers why the life of his mistress is more than the beauty of any flower, any countryside, or any season. His character in this poem can be very persuasive and canny at times, but as the mood swiftly changes, he shows that he has a loving and far more tender side to himself. â€Å"Shall I compare thee† has been an inspiration to many budding sonneteers and poets for a long time now. On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of his Mistress. Summer tends to go to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but his mistress is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the â€Å"eye of heaven† with its â€Å"gold complexion†; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the â€Å"darling buds of May† giving way to the â€Å"eternal summer†, which Shakespeare promises his mistress. The language is not heavy with alliteration and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation, which creates pause. Batter my heart† reveals the relationship Donne desired to have with God. In this sonnet a theme of violence and sexual conquest is present. The speaker is asking God to violently possess him. It's as if God is a male and Donne is a subordinate female. In describing the opening and closing of the poem, Steir states: â€Å"They rely on the conception of total spiritual dependence on God, on the need for man to be utterly regenerated by God-‘made new'-not merely aided and assisted by him†. The poem opens by asking God to â€Å"Batter my heart†. The word â€Å"heart† in Donne's time had a sexual connotation. According to Craig Payne, â€Å"heart† was originally slang for Vagina. As Payne points out this is to give much of the imagery of the poem in just one line. He is asking God to â€Å"break† him in order to make him â€Å"new† which shows that he is torn by his evil side and needs to be made new, so he can start again. Donne seems to be playing â€Å"hard to get† which can be analysed as if Donne is hard to also turn from his â€Å"evil side†. Donne goes on to use alliteration in, â€Å"breake, blowe, burn† like the sound of a blacksmith's hammer against his anvil. He wants to be taken by God, yet his defences are strong. The image of a â€Å"usurped town† reveals this. Like a town that is being held at siege, Donne has defences. Just as a town must be won over by force so Donne. Phrasing like this contributes to an attitude which tells us that Donne is incarcerated in the Devil's lair and needs force to break his bars of some kind that hold him back. However, a town is usually not as strong as it appears to be from the outside. The nature of the line â€Å"labour to admit you† shows that Donne felt he should forcefully tell God to change his evil ways incessantly. Donne writes, â€Å"Reason your Viceroy in mee† so that, even if God is unable to help Donne, then Donne will settle for God's second in command. This can be read as if Donne is ordering for an angel to help him. Donne decides to go on to describe his strengths as â€Å"weake or untrue† to show a form of deception in the devil and his utter powerlessness over his sinful attitude. Donne then states, â€Å"Yet dearly I love you† and a complication arises. Donne up until now was demanding God to do something about his situation, yet now Donne is behaving differently and is pleading. This is to show he is still â€Å"betrothed† unto God's â€Å"enemy†. By the enemy, Donne creates this evil figure, which is seen as the devil in a sinful and competitive nature. Like someone trapped in a bad marriage he must be â€Å"divorced† or â€Å"untied†. He cannot break away alone though he must have God's help. In order for him to be free from his sinful ways he calls on God to fight for him to be free and then, he can marry God. He states, â€Å"take me to you, imprison me† as if Donne can never escape to bad ways ever again. In the most shocking request of all, Donne asks God to ravish him so that he can be â€Å"free† and â€Å"chaste. † It is being ravished or raped that will free Donne from his sin and his bond with the devil. Craig Payne states that it can be interpreted to be spiritual, â€Å"That which is humanly imperfect and even exploitative becomes divinely perfect and fulfilling. The rape preserves, rather than destroys chastity. God builds up as he tears down, possesses as he frees†. The next sonnet, â€Å"Death, be not proud† is about how Donne challenges the footing of Death instead of challenging the footing of himself in God's eye's, as in â€Å"Batter my Heart†. Donne was always seeking to rival what would normally just be passed by because people didn't care to challenge that what is, is. Donne seemed to be obsessed with death; he supposedly preached his own funeral sermon shortly before his death for example. He had a portrait painted of himself in his shroud and he wrote of the subject often. The main point at issue here is Death's power, and Donne clearly sets about showing that Death's power is non-existent. It is not a conversation of any kind, nor is it a debate, as the sonnet is totally one-sided and it is passing a judgment on Death, a verdict and the sentence is death itself, but more on that later. This, compared to â€Å"Batter my Heart† where Donne is pleading, is totally different, because Donne is arguing. The first two lines give clarity to the rest of the sonnet. In the first line, â€Å"Death, be not proud, though some have called thee† starts making it clear that Donne is addressing Death, personified. Thus, it is merely, on one hand, one person addressing another. Death is therefore made an equal. This makes quite a lowering in the overall stature of Death. The main point at issue here is Death's power, and Donne clearly sets about showing that Death's power is non-existent. It is not a conversation of any kind, nor is it a debate, as the sonnet is totally one-sided and it is passing a judgment on Death, a verdict and the sentence is death itself, but more on that later. Donne is forceful and defiant when he states, â€Å"Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so† which seems to ridicule Death. Donne underlines the dispute over, Death is not â€Å"mighty and dreadful† as some have thought. Certainly, the speech delivered in the sonnet has its aim on the fear of Death; unlike â€Å"Batter my Heart† which was proclaiming his own fear under God's eyes; which is wrong under the circumstances and the reassurance that Death isn't what it seems. There is a great logic in the next two lines, â€Å"For those whom thou think'st thou dost overthrow, Die not, poor death; nor yet canst thou kill me. † as Death challenges the very statement that when he kills people, they live on in heaven therefore Donne himself cannot die. The key word here must be â€Å"think'st†; it is unreal, untrue that Death is mighty. Moving to the next quatrain, Death is, through comparison, to be viewed as a short rest and sleep, from which pleasure comes, â€Å"From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be, Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow† you wake up the next morning and Heaven awaits. Yet, in â€Å"Batter my Heart† Donne was pleading with God that the next day he wants to be with God and now, Donne is telling Death/the devil that he never had any power over Donne in the first place. From the sonnet lines, we can surmise that Death must be pleasurable. It is only a temporary state, for it leads to life in heaven, therefore it is not as it appears once again. For Death, the audience in the poem, this negation of his power and situation would surely cause great torment and, we would assume, have tremendous emotional impact. The next two lines, â€Å"And soonest our best men with thee do go-, Rest of their bones and souls' delivery! † enter a whole verse of argument. They mean, our ‘best' men die, ‘with thee do go', but their souls live on in heaven, ‘souls' delivery! ‘ Add to that the reference to Death being merely a ‘slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men,' which implies that Death is just a slave to God and kills in fate or chance, Kings, or men who simply want to commit suicide. Donne suggests in ‘desperate men' that Death isn't forcefully killing them, they have chosen to die therefore Death is belittled to have no power whatsoever. But moving on, ‘And dost with poison, war and sickness dwell,' implying that Death is housed in the scum of the Earth; poison is used to kill others, war is killing other people massively and where sickness inhabits, such as Hospitals or 3rd world countries. This brings new meaning to, â€Å"And poppy charms can make us sleep as well,† where Death is being compared to Opium, â€Å"sleep as well,† and the poppies, ‘poppy charms' that lie where men at war were killed. This leads on to the next line, ‘And better than thy stroke. ‘ The use of ‘And' at the start of the above three lines creates an affect of points in an argument, or simple statements. There is an accusation in the next line, Death has been proud, has â€Å"swell'st† but with no justification. Death is made to look powerless in preventing life. However, the Octave could be a scene of sorrow and mourning, a funeral service for, possibly, one of ‘our best men. ‘ This ceremony is designed to blame and dishonour Death but also to lower him to the status of ‘desperate men' earlier in the sonnet. In â€Å"Batter my Heart† Donne was acting as a desperate man to be freed from the devil, who is now being compared to a desperate man. Donne probably thought that anything related to the Devil must have a part of the Devil within it. There is a second audience in the poem; besides Death himself, and Donne seems to be addressing all those who fear Death in, â€Å"One short sleep past, we wake eternally, And Death shall be no more† He seems to ridicule Death, to make Death's power look smaller, comparing it with mere rest and sleep and where Donne uses all the evidence he can find, as well as emotional appeal, to persuade this audience that Death is neither to be feared nor dreaded and that Death is, ultimately, nothing, for it is through Death that we find a new kind of life in heaven. This is a kind of reassurance to readers, as if he is also preaching the goodness of God which can be compared to Donne's other sonnet â€Å"Batter my Heart† where Donne is showing that he cannot preach God's will, because he is bound by the Devil. The arguments' which would appear to Death as insulting, can appear to the reader as shocking, since Death has always been assumed a fearful. But Donne takes the role of making Death seem harmless. It is, of course, this very surprise and shock that the speaker uses as a powerful emotional ploy, along with a list of arguments, to persuade. We might almost imagine a courtroom scene with Death as the accused and all of humanity as the spectators and Donne as a sort of judge, for he not only presents the evidence, but also passes judgment, â€Å"Death, thou shalt Die† at the end of the sonnet. But this last line is the best of all, because it is the ultimate paradox and the ultimate irony that Death should in fact die! These reasons and appeals are contained and arranged within the traditional sonnet form: fourteen lines with the usual octave and sestet. Donne intended a strong break between the octave and sestet is reinforced by the period at the end of line 8, one of few in the sonnet. Donne has stated his thesis that Death is not mighty or powerful and cannot kill or destroy life. And he has supported it through dramatic arguments to a shocking conclusion. Death is the one who dies, not those whom he thinks to overthrow. The balanced and parallel structures of the opening of line 1 and the closing of line 14 serve to reinforce and emphasize the argument splendidly, â€Å"Death, be not proud †¦ Death, thou shalt die. † This is comparatively different to lines 1 and 14 of â€Å"Batter my Heart†, â€Å"Batter my heart, three-person'd God; for you †¦ Nor even chaste, except you ravish me†, for these two lines are still to do with his involvement with the Devil Shakespeare's â€Å"Shall I compare thee† sonnet is all to do with his Mistress. In the first line, â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? † we start to see the development of a thought that Shakespeare is having. This line is taken usually to mean, what if I were to compare you to a summers day. The comparisons of the loved one to all the beautiful things in nature hover in a background throughout. Such thoughts have recurring words like â€Å"summer†, â€Å"days†, â€Å"song†, â€Å"sweet†. The second line, â€Å"Thou art more lovely and more temperate†, the mistresses' beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day â€Å"more temperate† – more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described. May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use, lagged behind our calendar by at least a fortnight. As the last line is made to lead onto the next line, â€Å"Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May†, so that it is set out like an argument in point form, why she isn't like a summer's day. â€Å"Darling buds of May†, the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer and favourite flowers. The last line of the first quatrain, â€Å"And summer's lease hath all too short a date† means that summer holds a lease on part of the year, so summer is too short and has an early finish. The next quatrain holds yet another opening to another round of points in his argument, which can be compared to â€Å"Batter my heart† in which Donne is constantly begging, or demanding his freedom from the Devil. Yet, â€Å"Death, be not proud† is more of an argument, just like this one. â€Å"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,† which links us to the sun and how some days are just too hot. In the first line of reasoning after the argument's main point, we see ‘And often is his gold complexion dimmed,' which means that sometimes the sun is too cold as well. The part ‘his gold complexion' means the sun's golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally. The next line carries the load once more, ‘And every fair from fair sometime declines,' which can be broken down to mean that all beautiful things â€Å"every fair† occasionally become inferior in comparison with their previous state of beauty â€Å"from fair†. They all decline from perfection. The last line of this second quatrain, ‘By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;' what Shakespeare really means is that by chance accidents, or by the constant changes of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's ‘changing' look is ‘untrimm'd'. Untrimmed can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornaments or decorations. Therefore, does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? As one critic, Katherine Duncan-Jones states, â€Å"Nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation†, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, â€Å"with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse†, and is therefore more perfect. The first line of the third quatrain gives yet another overview of the next three points that we come across as readers, and we can see yet another similarity with â€Å"Death, be not proud† because this also uses the bullet point technique to underlie the argument. â€Å"Batter my heart† starts its begging part in its third quatrain, instead of keeping a solid foundation like â€Å"Death, be not proud† and â€Å"Shall I compare thee†. â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade†. This tells us that Shakespeare is trying to get across the issue that his Mistresses' â€Å"summer†, like beauty, will never go away. Nor shall it â€Å"your eternal summer† lose its hold on that power which she so richly possesses, â€Å"Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;† as in possession. The third line of the third quatrain, â€Å"Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,† comments on how the lines are undying. This use of Nor is very effective, for it enforces this idea of setting down a point formed argument. The last line before the couplet, â€Å"When in eternal lines to time thou growest;† underlines that even if her lines grow wrinkly, the lines of this sonnet will not, which surely leads to the final couplet so that the whole argument is enforced in just two lines. The final couplet, â€Å"So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee† tells us that, She keeps in pace with time, she grows as time grows and as long as humans live and breathe on earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the earth then that is how long these verses will live, celebrating her, and continually renewing her life.